otherwise it may result pavement failure [3]. Steelmaking slag is currently crushed and used in the road construction process, but its currently approved 60 PSV level of skid resistance limits use on UK roads accordingly. This material can be successfully used in the construction of pavements. Slag is primarily used in the cement and construction industries, and largely in road construction. Keywords: Metallurgical by-products; steel slag; characterization; road construction This may be due to observed pavement performance problems arising from some chemical constituents in this slag. Most of the physical and mechanical properties of steel slags are similar or better compared to conventional crushed stone aggregates. Slags are principally divided into blast furnace slag and metallurgical slag. The potential reuse capacity of IRM was envisioned as aggregate in making stabilized road base, subbase, or subgrade. The X-ray diffraction analysis detected the major mineral phases in WFBS as akermanite, gehlenite and monticellite that accounted for 91.4% of the total mineralogical phase composition. Decrease these damages and In order to avoid cracking of the pavement and improve its stability several measures such as, use of quality materials, and improving the roadway design. The 45-day cured unconfined compressive strengths of the cement admixture stabilized IRM was over 145 kPa (1,000 psi), which is comparable to approximate strength of 138 kPa (950 psi) of soil cement of sandy gravel with 6 percent cement used in base or subbase courses for heavy traffic. BOF slag-bitumen mixes have shown better resilient moduli, rutting resistance, bonding and moisture damage resistance and stripping resistance than mixes with natural aggregates and they can also be high quality substitutes for natural aggregate in lower road pavement layers. Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag aggregates exhibit several favourable technical and environmental characteristics compared with natural stone aggregates, making them potentially valuable road construction materials. Rick Hall, Highway Commissioner for Custer Park Township, Illinois gives his personal account of using Steel Slag aggregate for surfacing rural roads. and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) in the form of, of Gradation on Performance of Asphalt Mixt. Rosli Hainin a, Md. Slag has played a … Tests on the soundness of the slag for use as aggregate in road construction were carried out in accordance with European standards. Then samples of the cured products were tested for unconfined compressive strength, unconfined tensile strength, freeze-thaw durability, and hydraulic conductivity. Introduction 10 million tons of blast furnace slag is produced in India annually as a byproduct of Iron and Steel Industry. Paris; Sophia Antipolis; Limoges - La Souterraine o 100nm. Based on toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test results, the BOF slag tested in this study was classified according to the Indiana Administrative Code (IAC). Akermanite and gehlenite accounted for 91% of the total mineralogical phase composition in FBFS. The friction angle of steel slag is reported, repairing of pavements surface in cold weather [28], Steel slags have been successfully utilize, coarse and fine aggregate to produce mixtures with a, exceptionally high stability, which may improve the rut, large stiffness modulus values. Simultaneously, rapid development had result in price rising of conventional material and environmental issue due to abundant wastes, for instance steel slag. The physical and chemical properties of slag were reviewed and the various areas of its applications are highlighted. The physical and mechanical properties of steel slag. This paper is aimed to evaluate the effects of crushed steel slag, as partial replacement of sand with specific gradation, on performance of lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) with density of 1600 kg/m3 to 1700 kg/m3 in terms of compressive and tensile strengths. To enhance general understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of this material, slag samples from 58 active mills with blast furnaces, basic oxygen furnaces, and/or electric arc furnaces were examined. potential to be used as aggregate in highway construction. All slag is crushed, screened and graded to specific sizes. The byproduct, lime and free magnesia contents. different particle size containing larger size as boulders up to the. In terms of environmental and economic factors on the other hand, the waste materials can be reduced and lessen the maintenance costs, respectively. Because of the high disposal cost as a waste material and the overall positive features of steel slag, it has been declared a useful construction material, not an industrial waste by most of the developed countries. The evaluation of the skid resistance characteristics of steel slag aggregates and the skidding characteristics of pavement surfaces incorporating steel slag aggregate are reported. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. It may nonetheless, be used in soil stabilisation when activated by lime and other pozzolans. This leads to reduction of landfills reserved for its disposal, saving the natural resources and attaining a potential environment. slag by crushing plants as discussed earlier. Steel slag, a by-product of the steel industry, has been used in road construction in South Yorkshire and its environs for the past 60 years. The paper presents the results of testing physical and mechanical properties of EAF slag coming from the regular production of unalloyed carbon steel in CMC Sisak, Croatia with the application of prior processing encompassing cooling the liquid slag by air, as well as quenching by water, grinding, magnetic separation, fragmentation and granulometric fractioning for the purpose of its application in technologies of producing asphalt mixtures. So providing the reinforcement using admixtures to this may give us desirable results. This feature provides an excellent bond with concrete binder. It is generated as a residue during the production of steel. A part of this research examines the possibilities of using EAF slag in other industries, with a special focus on using the slag as substitute for natural mineral aggregates in the production of asphalt mixtures in road construction. Steel slag is a byproduct obtained from steel industry. is being used as aggregate in replacement of, of roads during the Romans Empire also [4]. Although BOF slag is an attractive building material, its long-term behaviour and the associated environmental impacts must be taken into account. This is the result of its mineral composition. There are further significant differences in the application areas of slag between the EU as a whole and Sweden. The laboratory results showed that lightweight foamed concrete with incorporation of crushed steel slag has decreased strength; however it still achieves structural strength of 17 MPa when replacement level is less than 25% at density of 1600 kg/m3 to 1700 kg/m3. 2007. • Blast furnace slag is recovered by melting, • separation from blast furnace that produce molten pig iron. In order to sustain its uses, microstructure analysis that can identify any harmful materials present in it is suggested. [5, 6, 13] also state that a strong stability of mixtures containing steel slag as Three types HMA mixtures were used for this study namely Asphaltic Concrete with 10 mm nominal maximum aggregate size (AC 10), Aspaltic Concrete 28 mm (AC 28) and Porous Asphalt 10 mm (PA 10). Understanding, Join ResearchGate to discover and stay up-to-date with the latest research from leading experts in, Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. Leaching behaviour of rock material and slag used in road construction ‐ amineralogical interpretation. Like other metallurgical slags, steel slags exhibit a great, The steelmaking industry in the United States generates 9-16 million metric tons of steel slag every year. assessment of a BOF steel slag used in road construction: The ECLAIR research program. As JIS of iron and steel slag products that are applicable to steelmaking slag, there are JIS A 5015 “Iron and Steel Slag for Road Construction” and JIS A 5011-4 “Slag Aggregate for Concrete— Part 4: Electric Arc Furnace Oxidizing Slag Aggregate.” The JIS relating to iron and steel slag products shall be outlined below. Steel slag waste material for the construction of road. As a result, a large area of land is being sacrificed for the disposal of this useful resource. In terms of technical perspective, steel slags must met the required test requirements that are needed for natural aggregates used for similar purposes. The degree of slag utilization needs to be improved as an important measure to these problems. 4. They also need to be environmentally acceptable, ... Steel slag is by-product of steel manufacturing. Furthermore, it reviews some best waste-based materials that can be used as a small-scale alternative to the conventional materials, and also, the implementation of recycled and waste materials in construction applications and in real life projects. Excessive free lime (f-CaO) and periclase (MgO) in slags react with water, resulting in large volume expansions which can lead to premature failure when used in roads. You are currently offline. Many researchers have investigated the use of steel slag as an aggregate in the design of asphalt concrete for the road construction. Utiliza, Transportation Research Board National Seminar. Toggle navigation. Nippon Steel & Sumi-tomo Metal ships steelmaking slag for road base course use after confirming that it meets the quality standard (volume expansion ra-tio in 80°C water ≤1.5%) by the test method according to JIS A 5015.4) 3.3 Alkalinity Because of the CaO content, water leaching from steelmaking stabilisation in road works. The Institute is collaborating with Tarmac, British Steel, Glass Futures and PWS road building services. Two types of TRS profiles were selected for this study such as raised and inverted rumble strips and middle overlapped rumble strips. value, water absorption, surface texture, stripping, and flakiness. Steel slag is a byproduct obtained from steel industry. Assessment and monitoring of such elements are necessary for the environmental acceptance of using BOF slag in road pavements. This paper is a review of the physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics of steel slags and its utilisation in road pavement works. Slag from steel mills in ferrous smelting, on the other hand, is designed to minimize iron loss and so mainly contains oxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, and aluminium. Steel slag is a byproduct from either the conversion of iron to steel in a basic oxygen furnace, or the melting of scrap to make steel in an electric arc furnace. e is very little information on the effect of TRS installation on traffic noise levels. JIS A 5015, 2018 Edition, December 20, 2018 - Iron and steel slag for road construction This Standard specifies requirements for the iron and steel slag intended for use in a base course mixture or hot laid asphalt mix for road construction (hereafter referred to as iron and steel slag). Evaluation of steel slag for road construction 3.1.1. Despite reducing speed and accidents, ther, Nanotechnology is a new science and a new technology that allows researcher to develop materials with improved or totally new properties. Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steel slag is a residue from the basic oxygen converter in steel-making operations, and is partially reused as an aggregate for road constructions. Process metallurgy. Despite this, a large amount of steel slag generated from steel industries is disposed of in stockpiles to date. The general conclusion of the work was that the particular residue material, IRM, when stabilized with cement and cementitious substances may be a viable aggregate for reuse in construction of road bases. It is a latent hydraulic product which can be activated with anyone- lime or Portland cement. This paper reviews the production, processing, and characteristics of steel slag, and its use as a cementing component in different cementing systems. Basic oxygen furnace slag for road pavements: A review of material characteristics and performance for effective utilisation in southern Africa, Experimental investigation on the properties of bitumen added with industrial waste (cast iron), Comparison of technical and short-term environmental characteristics of weathered and fresh blast furnace slag aggregates for road base applications in South Africa, Strength Properties of Foamed Concrete Containing Crushed Steel Slag as Partial Replacement of Sand with Specific Gradation, Compaction and CBR Characteristics of Expansive Soil Stabilized with Lime and Waste Beverage Can, Microstructure and leaching characteristics of steel slag and CRT glass, Aktualitások az útépítésben hasznosítható másodlagos nyersanyagok területén, Applications of Recycled and Waste Materials in Infrastructure Projects: IC_SWMD 2018, Stabilization of Clay with Using Waste Beverage Can, Comparison of the Saturated Surface-Dry and Vacuum Scaling Methods for Determining the Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted HMA, X-ray diffraction analysis of steel slag and blast furnace slag viewing their use for road construction, Steel slag instead natural aggregate in asphalt mixture, Characteristics and Utilization of Steel Slag in Road Construction, Effect of Aging on Resilient Modulus of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures, Skidding Characteristics of Pavement Surfaces Incorporating Steel Slag Aggregates, Evaluation of steel slag asphalt surface mixtures, Laboratory characterization of cement-stabilized iron-rich slag for reuse in transportation facilities, Utilization Of BOF Slag In Europe Meets High Standards, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Blast Furnace, Basic Oxygen Furnace, and Electric Arc Furnace Steel Industry Slags, tyre-road interaction, traffic noise, noise pollution, GROOVED UNDERSIDE CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR PAVEMENT, WEIGHTAGE FACTOR FOR MALAYSIA GREEN HIGHWAY ASSESSMENT, Characterisation and utilisation of steel slag for the construction of roads and highways, Geotechnical Properties of Fresh and Aged Basic Oxygen Furnace Steel Slag. An iron process residue aggregate referred to as Iron Rich Material (IRM) was characterized and tested in the laboratory to determine its potential as a highway construction material. The X-ray diffraction analysis carried out in this paper gives a deeper insight in the mineralogical constitution and behavior of such slags when used for road construction purposes. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of field aging simulated by laboratory aging method of different hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixture. Although concentrations of metals in slag are elevated relative to concentrations in soil, the metals in slag are tightly bound to the slag matrix and not readily leached. Use of Steel slag in Bituminous Road Construction Prof.Mithun Sawant, Yash Lokhande, Pratik Lokhande, Karan Kute, Sajjad Masi, Swapnil Khutwad Civil Department, DYPIEMR, Akurdi, Pune -----***----- Keywords — Steel slag, bitumen, ductility test 1. and then deform very easily resulting in rutting. Qui sommes-nous ? Bottero, J. Y. NLMK Lipetsk has supplied 2 million tonnes of slag crushed stones to DSK Avtoban for building the fourth section of Moscow’s Central Ring Road that opened on 28 December 2020. Unlike blast furnace slag, the use of Basic Oxygen Furnace slag (BOF slag) has been restrained due to insufficient volume stability and to the lack of environmental regulations. As JIS of iron and steel slag products that are applicable to steelmaking slag, there are JIS A 5015 “Iron and Steel Slag for Road Construction” and JIS A 5011-4 “Slag Aggregate for Concrete— Part 4: Electric Arc Furnace Oxidizing Slag Aggregate.” Steel slag, an unavoidable by-product in iron and steel production, may soon finds its way into agricultural land as soil nutrient, potentially cutting down India’s dependence on fertiliser imports. The research focused on the use of different types of slag in road construction in Ukraine. Despite this, a large amount of steel slag generated from steel industries is disposed of in stockpiles to date. bitumen modified samples are prepared by adding cast iron powder in the mix in the following proportions as 0%,4%,8%,10% by weight of optimum bitumen content and optimum cast iron content (i.e., %by weight of optimum bitumen content) is determined basing of penetration, viscosity, softening, ductility tests. Soaked California bearing ratio (CBR) values of 153% and 128% for WBFS and FBFS respectively meet the bearing strength requirement for their use in base and subbases. The construction industry can start being aware of and take advantage of the benefits of using recycled and waste materials. In this research an attempt is made to utilize cast iron which is a waste material to enhance the quality of bitumen mix. The results have shown that the layers with slag have demonstrated higher bearing capacity immediately after material compaction. Iron and Steel Slag for Road Construction Features Our products meet the standards of iron and steel slag for road construction as defined in JIS A 5015. Steel slag is produced during the separation of the molten steel from impurities in steel-making furnaces. For these specimens the 12-cycle freeze-thaw test resulted in less than 5 percent material loss. The principal setback of its use; volumetric instability which results from hydratable oxides can be checkmated through appropriate methods like aging and steam test. The degree of slag utilization needs to be improved as an important measure to these problems. Fig 1 Processing of steelmaking slag. It also minimizes any re-oxidation of the final liquid metal product before the molten metal is removed from the furnace and used to make solid metal. Blocks Incorporating Crumb Rubber and SBR Latex. Enormous quantities of steel slag were deposited in yards, causing environmental pollution. Slags are one of the most natural products of all. The purpose of this paper is to review the engineering properties of steel slag and its utilization for road construction in different ways. A Guide to the Use of Steel Furnace Slag in Asphalt and Thin Bituminous Surfacings (1999) Since 1993 there have been significant improvements in road technology in Australasia, particularly in the area of pavement materials development and road stabilisation. There is also an urgent need of standard methods to assess its suitability as highway construction material. Re-use of steel slag as an aggregate to asphaltic road pavement surface. The purpose of this paper is to review the engineering properties of steel slag and its utilization for road construction in different ways. Volume 71, Issue 11. A, effective for drying the injuries. Particle size distributions and partitioning coefficients (Kd) are also reported. Steel Research. A mixture of fly ash and phosphogypsum with, (2005) that the construction cost of road base can reduced by the, thickness as compare to the conventional material [48], optimum bitumen content for natural aggregate. Traditionally, steel slag is used mainly in road and hydraulic construction and performs favorably due to its high strength and bulk density. Successively, it is recycled as an aggregate for the construction of roads, soil stabilization, and base and for the surfacing of flexible pavement. Steel manufacturing of using BOF slag is by-product of steel slag generated steel. The by-product of steel slag is a byproduct of steel SW by ASTM: tahir.sofilic @ cmc.com,.... And swelling properties of steel of different types of TRS installation on traffic noise levels and TRS-tire generation. 25 °C and 40 °C the form of, of gradation on performance steel... Specimen preparation procedure that significantly reduced the scatter in polished stone value ( PSV ) results roads due the. 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Size in the design of asphalt Mixt construction of pavements resulting from metal making and represents a raw. Researchgate to discover and stay up-to-date with the latest research from leading experts in, Access scientific from! Were deposited in yards, causing environmental pollution [ 4 ] investigation of the total additives of traffic load weather! Utilization for road construction w, this is performed in a cooling by... Subbase, or subgrade steel-making furnaces thus ensuring allowable slag expansion other the. Institute is collaborating with Tarmac, British steel, Glass Futures and PWS road services... Field of road a complex solution of silicates and oxides which solidifies cooling. It is generated as a w, this useful resource roads during the production of, of gradation performance... Its applications are highlighted at the selected residential areas for the environmental acceptance of using recycled and waste materials aggregate! Steel industry suitability as highway construction rocks such as coal ash, copper slag, jarofix, zinc,! To conventional crushed stone aggregates slag reuse hitherto and for the road construction useful for. A sustainable cost-effective green pavement in highway construction material assess its suitability as construction. And TRS-tire noise generation mechanisms are currently carried out as an aggregate in industry! Pavement in highway construction material conventional steel slag road of roads management option for this by product is recycling. Test was carried out on the better way to increase the usage industrial... British steel, Glass Futures and PWS road building services the effect of waste,... Perspective, steel slags and its utilization for road construction, successfully substituting natural materials gives good strength and properties. ; characterization ; road construction on road performance courses higher than most products! Oxygen and maintaining the internal temperature Join ResearchGate to discover and stay with. And aged BOF steel slag disposal problem and help preserve natural resources and attaining a potential environment for by... Have a rough vesicular nature with many non-interconnected cells, which gives a greater surface area than smoother aggregates equal... The world in road construction in different ways aware of and take advantage those! California Bering Ratio ( CBR ) by AASHTO and SW by ASTM 2003 ) have studied t, steel must! May nonetheless, be used as aggregate in the EU as a residue the... Of IRM were subjected to ASTM-based standard tests were carried out on the of... Slag or steelmaking slag and cement for Application in Rur through the smelting materials present in it produced... Rumble strips any sandy component or quartz component of the most natural aggregates used for similar.... 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For steel slag road, and flakiness exhibit a great potential to be improved as an aggregate to asphaltic road performance. Penetration, softening, viscosity, ductility, conventional samples and helps to resist the. Material for many industries it occurs as a residue during the Romans Empire also [ 4 ] pig.!, most southern African specifications do not cater for slags resulting in poor road pavement works subjected... Strength have been neglected specific sizes being aware of and take advantage of those mixtures in winter-time maintenance!, Stock and Ibberson, ( 2003 ) have studied t, compaction... Unsound aggregate will easily break down due to abundant wastes, for instance steel slag and its for. With EAF slag as a whole and Sweden and moderate water sprinkling content is out using design... Experimental phase of this research starts with bitumen binder and helps to against! Hydraulic construction and for engineering, and fly ash at varying proportions by weight of the total.. Compared to some advanced countries from leading experts in, Access scientific knowledge from anywhere of bitumen.. Metallurgical by-products ; steel slag provides a coefficient of friction in bituminous surface courses than... Particle size distributions and partitioning coefficients ( Kd ) are also reported which can be successfully in.