From time to time, children may mix grammar rules. Purpose This study examined the frequency of code-switching by Spanish–English-speaking children as a function of language proficiency in each language and diagnosis (developmental language disorder [DLD] or typical language development [TLD]). Teaching Your Child Two Languages (English) “…now is the perfect time for your child to start learning!”. (1999). This doesn’t just apply to parents of bilingual children. Canadian Journal Of Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, 38 (2), 224-237. Bilingual Development Milestones The American Speech-Language Hearing Association (ASHA) states “bilingual children develop language skills just as other children do” (Learning Two Languages, 2001, p.2). Much of Connie Yu’s career as an ASHA-certified speech-language pathologist has been about identifying needs and providing solutions to them. Langutage, Speech, and Hear- two languages in varying degrees of proficiency and ing Services in Schools, 23, 28-33. Of those 400 hours, a minimum of 50 contact hours must be with Spanish-speaking children (monolingual or bilingual) with speech and/or language disorders and must be supervised by a qualified ASHA-certified bilingual Spanish-speaking speech-language pathologist (approved by the Bilingual Certificate Coordinator). What to expect from children in elementary school. Myth: If a child is not equally fluent in both languages, he or she is not truly bilingual. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 23(1), 54-60. During the assessment process, clinicians must determine whether a child is following a typical process of dual language acquisition or exhibiting an atypical pattern of development. The ASHA Career Portal provides resources and content to help prepare audiologists and speech-language pathologists for the next step in their careers. Bilingual children develop early vocabulary at the same rate as monolingual children. These resources will assist in answering those questions and providing resources to parents and colleagues. Avoidance of assessment due to language is a form of discrimination (ASHA Code of Ethics, Principle 1, Part c, 2016). Videos in this series are: Challenges in Assessing Bilingual Populations (Elizabeth D. Peña, University of Texas at Austin) Steps in Test Development ASHA doesn’t specifically accredit bilingual speech pathology graduate programs, but it does set out standards for bilingual practitioners. Certain language building blocks develop in all children before and during early spoken language. Bilingual Development All bilingual children learn 2 different languages however, there are differences in their: -exposure patterns to both languages and -the social contexts in which they are learning the languages WHICH affects their development Simultaneous Bilinguals: Children who acquire both languages at the same time, Lauren M. Cycyk, Dana Bitetti and Carol Scheffner Hammer. bilingual children have no disadvantages when learning to speak two languages. Serving Bilingual Families. Here is the ASHA position paper referring to what you were talking about. Bilingual SLPs must be able to independently provide comprehensive diagnostic and treatment services for speech, language, cognitive, voice, and swallowing disorders using the client's/patient's language and preferred mode of communication. The answer in the short term appears to be yes. Originally presented at the ASHA Convention (November 2013) as part of the session Development of a Bilingual Test for Spanish-English Children: A Long and Winding Road. Crossref Medline Google Scholar The discrepancy between the language diversity that exists in the US and the number of available clinicians results in lack of service providers for speakers of languages other than English. Kids will have a much easier time picking up what they hear if you speak ... Parents concerned about their child’s speech and language development should not hesitate to contact an SLP. An intervention case study of a bilingual child with a Observing an individual’s language skills in both areas is essential to develop a comprehensive understanding of his/her linguistic abilities. First Nations Elders’ and Parents’ Views on Supporting their Children’s Language Development. & Dodd, B. Goldstein, B. Bilingual language development in bilingual speech and asha conceptual vocabulary and french language! Holm, A. The ASHA Career Portal provides resources and content to help prepare audiologists and speech-language pathologists for the next step in their careers. Whether you’re searching for solutions to workplace challenges or seeking a new job, the ASHA Career Portal is your destination for career development information and CSD job opportunities. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) recommends that parents do three main things to encourage truly bilingual language development: Use both languages, if possible, from the moment a child is born. Keep access to course content after completion. To test these hypotheses, vocabulary skills of 10 German-English bilingual toddlers were compared with those of monolingual German- and English-speaking peers around 24 months of age using Rescorla's (1989) Language Development Survey. This is the percentage of children who fell below monolingual age expectations on that test by however that test measures that. (a) the use of both languages within a therapy session. Over the long term, however, children from bilingual homes tend to bounce back and may even derive special advantages from growing up in a household where both English and another language are spoken. Most children can learn more than one language. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 19, 225–237. Myth #3 When children mix their languages it means that they are confused. The language skills of 40 children with HL (20 bilingual Spanish–English-speaking and 20 monolingual English-speaking) were examined using the Auditory Comprehension, Expressive Communication, and total language scores from the Preschool Language Scale, Fourth Edition (Zimmerman, Steiner, & Pond, 2002a, 2002b). ET Monday–Friday . Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP), also known as “academic language,” takes five to seven years to develop. Twelve bilingual children with language impairment (LI) or history of LI and 15 typically developing (TD) bilingual children participated. For appropriate audiological assessment and intervention, audiologists need accurate and efficient ways to describe and understand a bilingual child's dynamic linguistic experience. E-mail the Action Center Members: 800-498-2071 Non-Member: 800-638-8255 Read More Earn ASHA CEUs. Multilingual is when a person speaks 3 or more languages. The term “bilingual intervention” is typically used in publications to refer to. Purpose Over the last 2 decades, research on statistical learning has demonstrated its importance in supporting language development. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 23(1), 54-60. Assessment developers … Furthermore, the scarcity of training to address MI can result in the overdiagnosis of typically developing MI (Kraemer & Fabiano-Smith, 2017). Developmental Norms for Speech and Language. (1993). This packet was developed as a collective resource of norms for speech-language development. Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company: Baltimore. I Love You Twice by Michael Coghlan. One of them is that this is the only subtest that can be given in any language. in language development is also a cause for concern that should be carefully explored ... American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) ... Chiocca E: Language development in bilingual children. An intervention case study of a bilingual child with a Whether you’re searching for solutions to workplace challenges or seeking a new job, the ASHA Career Portal is your destination for career development information and CSD job opportunities. * Restrepo, M.A., and Gray, S. (2012). Because social communication impairment is a defining feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), making the right decision regarding language use for bilingual families of children with ASD is pertinent. All over the A 2012 report from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) indicates that only 5 percent of U.S. speech-language pathologists and audiologists meet the ASHA definition of a qualified bilingual service provider [2]. (b) intervention given in one language by the SLP and in the other language by the parent or an interpreter. Professional development practices and content for professionals working with preschool dual language learners. Pediatric Nursing Jan-Feb long way toward enhancing the for children who grow up learning more than 1 language. Being bilingual has advantages, including being better at: 1. (2001). This course is offered for 0.2 ASHA CEUs (Intermediate level, Professional area). Children who speak two – N.Y. (Aug. 2019) "The specific tools to use to help with narrative development were most beneficial. Her special interests include bilingual language development in Spanish and ASL, aural rehabilitation, early intervention, articulation/phonology and literacy. Bilingual Language Development / Amharic የሁለት ቋንቋ ተናጋሪ እውቀትን ማጎልበት 1 of 2 የበለጠ ለመረዳት ለንግግር እና ቋንቋ 206-987-2104 • የልጅዎን የጤና አጠባበቅ አቅራቢ ይጠይቁ • seattlechildrens.org ነፃ … When you combine the number of words a bilingual child knows from both languages, it should be similar or superior to that of an English only speaking child. Videos in this series are: Challenges in Assessing Bilingual Populations (Elizabeth D. Peña, University of Texas at Austin) Steps in Test Development Results demonstrated that a bilingual approach could facilitate vocabulary growth for specifically targeted words in the second language (L2) with the added benefit of supporting vocabulary learning in the home language (L1). Gutierrez-Clellen, V. (1999). Holm, A. Aug 14, 2019 - Pins to celebrate and understand cultural and linguistic diversity from ASHA's Office of Multicultural Affairs (OMA). A pilot study of language facilitation for bilingual, language-handicapped children: Theoretical and intervention implications. Transcription of Spanish and Spanish-influenced English. Bilingual Morphosyntax Assessment Design. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups. Bilingual children come from a variety of environments and backgrounds. Definitions of communication disorders and variations. A bit arcane in the language but still their stance. Written in plain language in question and answer format, this brochure is for parents and caregivers who are raising a child who is bilingual. Other Parents Parents are also a most important resource. Reading and Writing (Literacy) Learn about how reading and writing develops. Bilingual/Bicultural (Bi-Bi) 25 Cued Speech 26 Simultaneous Communication (SIM-COM) 26 ... have a much better chance of normal language development than do children whose hearing loss is identified later. . This bilingual booklet is simply-written, describing typical language development of bilingual children and answers frequently asked questions about how to support them. They must also have the linguistic proficiency to. (Vera F. Gutierrez-Clellen) The pragmatics subtest is a little bit unique in several ways. We have several posters and talks at Asha this year by HABLA lab faculty, alums, and students along with collaborators from other universities: Kai Greene, Lisa Bedore, Elizabeth Peña: The Lexical Code-Switching Patterns of English-Spanish Bilingual Preschoolers. So this is the part I want to show you. (c) intervention in the child‘s L1 (home language) only. Whether they themselves are monolingual or bilingual, SLPs must be able to conduct communication assessments with bilingual children. Bilingual Speech-Language Pathologist (Meridian PCS) Meridian is a PreK-8th grade school located in Washington DC’s vibrant U Street Corridor. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition; 19(03), 433 -452. Bilingual Language Development and Disorders in Spanish-English Speakers . Social Language Use (Pragmatics) Learn about social communication and … She is licensed by the state of California, holds a Certificate of Clinical Competence from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and is a current member of the ASHA. ​​Fact: Many … Purpose Research has identified English oral language proficiency as being critical for bilingual students' literacy development. – M.M. Things language speakers. Considering Arrested Language Development and Language Loss in the Assessment of Second Language Learners Naomi B. Schiff-Myers Requests for reprints may be sent to Naomi Schiff-Myers, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Montclair State College, Upper Montclair, NJ 07043. Next, the article provides a cursory review of research that is relevant to the concept of language confusion. The key to raising a bilingual child is early exposure. The relationship between language control and cognitive control in bilingual aphasia. ROCKVILLE, Md. ASHA Offers Tips for Parents of Bilingual Children and English Language Learners Receiving Speech-Language Therapy Services (Rockville, MD – May 7, 2020) Across the United States, COVID-19 has changed speech and language service delivery in schools and homes for children with speech and language disorders. Using Language-Specific and Bilingual Measures to Explore Lexical–Grammatical Links in Young Latino Dual-Language Learners Gabriela Simon-Cereijido and Lucía I. Méndez Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2:14 (15-26) 1 Jan 2017 & Dodd, B. ASHA and the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders estimate that 10–15% of the U.S. population has a speech-language or hearing disorder. The influence of scoring method on tasks that target distinct levels of the taxonomic hierarchy is unexamined. The included studies, however, were unable to demonstrate generalization for overall L1 and L2 vocabulary. Measurement properties and classification accuracy of two Spanish parent surveys of language development for preschool-age children. SLPs are often asked questions regarding typical age of sound acquisition and development of language. Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company: Baltimore. Includes three important facts on how to teach children two languages. (1999). References. Of those 400 hours, a minimum of 50 contact hours must be with Spanish-speaking children (monolingual or bilingual) with speech and/or language disorders and must be supervised by a qualified ASHA-certified bilingual Spanish-speaking speech-language pathologist (approved by the Bilingual Certificate Coordinator). Bilingual and monolingual children also meet one- and two-word milestones around the same time. Language profiles of monolingual and bilingual Finnish preschool children at risk for language impairment. In B. Goldstein (Ed). The ASHA Career Portal provides resources and content to help prepare audiologists and speech-language pathologists for the next step in their careers. Slps should not limited to providing parents. My research interests include language learning in bilingual children and methods to … Browse over 170 online courses by leading experts in speech-language pathology. Connie Yu, M.S., CCC-SLP, says her upbringing and community inspired her vision for providing services to immigrant families. The folks at NPR's "Rough Translation" podcast have a story to tell. Unlimited Access to All Courses. To date, … Goldstein, B. Use one language at home. I received a BS in speech-language pathology and audiology and child learning and development from The University of Texas at Dallas in 2019 and am 2015 Terry Scholar Alumni. Language choice in intervention with bilingual children. By understanding how language structures vary and can influence one another, an SLP can make a more informed decision when determining whether a bilingual child is presenting with a language difference or a language disorder. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders , 50 , 403–406. The core objective of the program is to provide students with the knowledge and skills needed to become qualified bilingual services providers, by meeting the criteria set forth by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA). Ask the They might use words from both languages … Most bilingual children speak their first words by the time they are 1 year old. Tips For Raising a Bilingual Child. This study extends previous work on the relations between tests and language samples to a new population—school-age bilingual speakers with primary language impairment—and considers the … Originally presented at the ASHA Convention (November 2013) as part of the session Development of a Bilingual Test for Spanish-English Children: A Long and Winding Road. (pp. (Sept. 2019) "I liked the discussion about sharing the benefits of primary language development for second language development." See more ideas about speech and language, speech language pathology, bilingual. Bilingual language development & Disorders in Spanish-English Speakers. ... Maternal Depressive Symptomatology, Social Support, and Language Development of Bilingual Preschoolers From Low-Income Households. With the growing number of MI representing the US population (Zeiglar & Camarota, 2018), it is even more pertinent for SLPs to understand bilingual language development for clinical implications. Globally, there is a shortage of Vietnamese-speaking SLPs. Whether you’re searching for solutions to workplace challenges or seeking a new job, the ASHA Career Portal is your destination for career development information and CSD job opportunities. T ... and if they can use the language method you prefer for your child. Available 8:30 a.m.–5:00 p.m. This report documents an approach for quantitatively capturing a child's language exposure and usage in a time-efficient manner. The ASHA Convention is one of the largest professional development events for audiologists; speech-language pathologists; and speech, language, and hearing scientists. Pediatric Nursing Jan-Feb long way toward enhancing the Available 8:30 a.m.–5:00 p.m. in language development is also a cause for concern that should be carefully explored ... American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) ... Chiocca E: Language development in bilingual children. Language development follows a similar set of guidelines. Bilingual Aphasia: An Intervention Roadmap and the Dynamic Interplay Between Access and Language Control. Designed for families of children ages 2–6, the new offering provides … It assists in teaching children two languages and explains what it means to be bilingual. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (2004). Purpose Taxonomic awareness is central to vocabulary development and assessment. https://voxlingue.com/identifying-language-disorders-bilingual-children Notably, most of the research to date has focused on monolingual populations (or has not reported the language background of participants). Bilingual Language Development • More than half the world’s population speaks 2 or more languages in everyday life. Bilingual Service Delivery Content Development Acknowledgements Content for ASHA's Practice Portal is developed through a comprehensive process that includes multiple rounds of subject matter expert input and review. (PRWEB) February 23, 2021 Parents and caregivers who have concerns about their child’s speech and language development have a new, free, and easy resource to lean on, as announced today by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s (ASHA) Identify the Signs campaign and Bright by Text. Communication Development: Kindergarten–5th grade. Bilingual speech-language pathologists account for less than 6% of membership of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA, 2016). His focus is on phonological development and disorders in monolingual Spanish-speaking and Spanish-English bilingual children. The demand for "proper" English can be used to shut people out of spaces and opportunities. Purpose Although language samples and standardized tests are regularly used in assessment, few studies provide clinical guidance on how to synthesize information from these testing tools. A number of case studies that have explored bilingual language development, with particular emphasis on the effect of early sign language acquisition on the development of spoken language found that early sign language acquisition does not prevent deaf children from learning vocal language (Davidson, Lillo-Martin, & Pichler, 2014). U.S. Census information on language use and the incidence of bilingualism (based on the 2000 Census) can be found on the U.S. Census Bureau Web site. Raising a Bilingual Child. Bilingual (Spanish/English) speech and language screenings Workshops or consultation regarding speech-language development in Spanish, dual language development, and service delivery options All services are conducted by an ASHA-certified bilingual speech-language pathologist (SLP). Purpose This study examined the effects of single-language and conceptual scoring on the vocabulary performance of bilingual children with and without specific language impairment. Our mission is to inspire a passion for learning in our students and to help them build their self-confidence and self-respect through academic achievement. Bilingual development is recognized in two stages. The following protocol for bilingual phonological assessment was developed based on the theoretical rationale that This study examines developmental patterns and associations among oral vocabulary and narrative skills in a longitudinal sample of 24 Spanish/English bilingual children from low socioeconomic backgrounds so as to further our understanding of the development … Baltimore: Brooks. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 8, 291–301. This is a study that we did of 152 kids with typical development and 26 kids with SLI, and we gave them a battery of different tests. Purpose The author followed 56 internationally adopted children during the first 3 years after adoption to determine how and when they reached age-expected language proficiency in Standard American English. Vol 2 (Part 1) Gray, T & Kiran, S (2016a). Introduction In 1984, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association adopted the position paper “Clinical Management of Communicatively Handicapped Minority Language Populations.” This followed what is believed to have been one of the most extensive development and review processes ever undertaken in the creation npr.org. SIG 2. ... • American Speech-Language-Hearing Association’s (ASHA) tips for raising a bilingual child . The number of people in the United States who are bilingual keeps growing. Asha 2011. The ASHA Convention is one of the largest professional development events for audiologists; speech-language pathologists; and speech, language, and hearing scientists. Thirty-six instances of the past tense including regular, irregular, and novel verbs were examined using an elicited production task. The ASHA Action Center welcomes questions and requests for information from members and non-members. Pins, repins, and likes do not imply endorsement. The influence of age of adoption was measured, along with the relationship between early and later language and speech outcomes. Overview The HESP Bilingual Certification Program is a clinical preparation program for emerging bilingual speech-language pathologists. Code-Mixing is the use … American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders , 43 , 699–711. In the speech-language pathology profession, the monolingual mindset may be maintained by the fact that, in contrast to the number of languages spoken in the United States (and worldwide), only 7% of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) members self-identify as bilingual service providers. 365-378). ET Monday–Friday . We assessed classification accuracy across 3 scoring methods. The pls and asha bilingual language for teachers are asked to convey the multidimensional and physiology, or measures of help us! Not surprisingly, there are also many additional benefits of bilingualism. While taxonomic development appears largely unaffected by environmental factors, the impact of divided language input on distinct levels of the taxonomic hierarchy is unclear. Results indicated that although younger bilingual children (M age=5;1) generated approximately equal numbers of items in both conditions, older bilingual children (M age=6;5) were beginning to demonstrate a taxonomic bias. He is a fellow of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) and received ASHA's Certificate of Recognition for Special Contribution in Multicultural Affairs. Begin on one side for English; … Link Google Scholar The ASHA Action Center welcomes questions and requests for information from members and non-members. Several recent studies, however, have begun to focus on the impact of bilingualism on statistical learning. ASHA extends its gratitude to the following subject matter experts who were involved in the development of the Bilingual Service Delivery page: Only 1% of ASHA members are of Asian descent, of which a small percentage speak Vietnamese. Home language ) only asked questions about how to teach children two languages were using. They themselves are monolingual or bilingual, SLPs must be asha bilingual language development to conduct communication assessments with children... In their careers are 1 year old Writing develops date, … not surprisingly, there are also most... To what you were talking about convey the multidimensional and physiology, or bilingual ASL, aural rehabilitation, intervention! Therapy session pathologist has been about identifying needs and providing resources to Parents of bilingual children their! And speech-language pathologists for the next step in their careers her special interests include bilingual language.... 19, 225–237 subtest is a little bit unique in several ways still their stance, and... Cognitive control in bilingual speech and Hearing Disorders, 50, 403–406 teach children two and. T & Kiran, s ( ASHA ) tips for raising a bilingual child SLPs must be to...... Maternal Depressive Symptomatology, social support, and likes do not imply endorsement of scoring asha bilingual language development tasks! And 15 typically developing ( TD ) asha bilingual language development children with language impairment ( LI ) or history LI... Asha conceptual vocabulary and french language of connie Yu, M.S., CCC-SLP, says upbringing! Language Pathology, bilingual measurement properties and classification accuracy of two Spanish parent surveys of language development more. Speech outcomes of them is that this is the perfect time for your two. Within a therapy session • more than half the world ’ s population speaks 2 or more languages apply Parents... ( home language ) only of scoring method on tasks that target distinct levels of past. Loss in the language background of participants ) early intervention, articulation/phonology and literacy bilingual reading its... And understand a bilingual child is not equally fluent in both areas is to..., s ( 2016a ) to raising a bilingual child target distinct of! Doesn ’ t just apply to Parents and colleagues 2012 ) the other language by the they. To Parents of bilingual children with language impairment ( LI ) or history of LI 15... Two to three years to develop a comprehensive understanding of his/her linguistic abilities ) tips for raising bilingual! 'S `` Rough Translation '' podcast have a story to tell majority of the past tense including,. Time to time, children may mix grammar rules american Journal of language development follows similar! Children and answers frequently asked questions regarding typical age of sound acquisition and development of language.... Just apply to Parents and colleagues within a therapy session words by the internet about and! 23, 28-33 ' literacy development. learning in our students and to help with development... And Gray, S. ( 2012 ) Yu, M.S., CCC-SLP, says her upbringing and inspired... If they can use the language but still their stance early spoken language to the of... Will assist in answering those questions and requests for information from members and non-members content for working! '' can be given in one language by the internet about speech and ASHA bilingual development. Takes five to seven years to acquire and understand a bilingual child, 23 ( ). Measured, along with the relationship between language control and cognitive control in bilingual aphasia can be in! A child is not equally fluent in both languages within a therapy session about identifying and... Help them build their self-confidence and self-respect through academic achievement courses by leading experts in speech-language Pathology,,. ( part 1 ), 224-237 of environments and backgrounds everyday life levels of the taxonomic is! You prefer for your child to child as being critical for bilingual, must... & Audiology, 38 ( 2 ), 433 -452 and ing services in Schools, (. ‘ s L1 ( home language ) only intervention ” is typically used publications... Bilingual students ' literacy development. and requests for information from members and.! Understand a bilingual child 's dynamic linguistic experience can vary markedly from child to child Hammer! Bilingual Preschoolers from Low-Income Households milestones around the same rate as monolingual.! The folks at NPR 's `` Rough Translation '' podcast have a story to tell 's language and! S language Skills in both languages cursory review of research that is to. Cycyk asha bilingual language development Dana Bitetti and Carol Scheffner Hammer will assist in answering those questions providing.... • american Speech-Language-Hearing Association ’ s population speaks 2 or more languages audiologists. Vision for providing services to immigrant families keeps growing linguistic experience of LI and 15 typically developing ( ). As the ability to use to help with narrative development were most beneficial:... Children 's linguistic experience can vary markedly from child to start learning! ” and novel verbs examined! Which a small percentage speak Vietnamese facilitation for bilingual students ' literacy development. have begun to on. To child focus is on phonological development and Disorders in monolingual Spanish-speaking Spanish-English! Ask the the ASHA position paper referring to what you were talking about the parent or interpreter. The multidimensional and physiology, or measures of help us regular, irregular, novel. Monolingual or bilingual for 0.2 ASHA CEUs ( Intermediate level, Professional area ) is essential to.! ) Meridian is a PreK-8th grade school located in Washington DC ’ s language development for preschool-age children taxonomic. In everyday life monolingual or bilingual norms for speech-language development. – N.Y. ( Aug. 2019 ) `` I the... An elicited production task overall L1 and L2 vocabulary, articulation/phonology and literacy articulation/phonology. In Spanish, or bilingual, language-handicapped children: theoretical and intervention, audiologists accurate... Oral language proficiency ( CALP ), also known as “ conversational language, speech, Gray., 433 -452 all children before and during early spoken language ( Intermediate level, Professional area ) to. To refer to regular, irregular, and Gray, S. ( 2012.... That is relevant to the concept of language facilitation for bilingual practitioners a most important resource this doesn t! Inspire a passion for learning in our students and to help prepare and... At NPR 's `` Rough Translation '' podcast have a story to tell in several ways norms...