Both of these components are inserted into the certificate when it is signed.Whenever you generate a CSR, you will be prompted to provide information regarding the certificate. Certificate is capable of handling DER-encoded certificates and certificates encoded in OpenSSL's PEM format. This article is intended to summarise and briefly explain the most important OpenSSL commands. I use OpenSSL v1.0.1s for Win64 fromSlProWeb.com. This means that no public keys must be distributed. Certificates and keys can be saved in a few different formats. It may be worthwhile to create them on a hardware system (since there is more entropy) and then transfer them to a virtual system. How to get rid of LuCI HTTPS certificate warnings Do you like the security of using LuCi-SSL (or Luci-SSL-OpenSSL), but sick of the security warnings your browser gives you because of an invalid certificate? The most common conversions, from DER to PEM and vice-versa, can be done using the following commands: $ openssl x509 -in cert.pem -outform der -out cert.der. The server certificate is limited with regard to signing, in that it can only act as a server or client and cannot sign any other certificates. In addition to displaying the entire contents (-text option) it is possible to just display some parts. First, if you look at the cert you created in step 3 with openssl x509 -text Sample output from my terminal: OpenSSL - CSR content . A good overview of the formats and how to convert them into other formats can be find at ssl.com. For example, the date of creation and expiration can be displayed using -dates. Self-signed certificates can be used in order to test SSL configurations quickly or on servers on which it has never been verified if a certificate has been correctly signed by a Certificate Authority or not. 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