Choose from 500 different sets of ego development psychology flashcards on Quizlet. "[33], Loevinger described this stage as the "freeing of the person from oppressive demands of conscience in the preceding stage. She believed that most adults were at the conscientious-conformist level. The topic of ego development developed when psychoanalysis did not fulfill all the initial hopes during its early period of prominence. Ego development refers to the evolution of a personality construct that synthesizes experience into a coherent sense of how individuals view themselves. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Loevinger's stages of ego development are proposed by developmental psychologist Jane Loevinger (1918-2008) and conceptualize a theory based on Erik Erikson's psychosocial model and the works of Harry Stack Sullivan (1892-1949) in which "the ego was theorized to mature and evolve through stages across the lifespan as a result of a dynamic interaction between the inner self and the outer environment". Log in, Continuity and Discontinuity in Development, Ego Development Research & Applications Network, http://owebster.edu/egodev.htm. Loevinger's theory contributes to the delineation of ego development, which goes beyond the fragmenta… Freud conceived of the ego as the psychological apparatus that regulated sexual and aggressive impulses and navigated the tension between those impulses and … Clinicians--psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and counselors--realized that they needed to know more than their patients' or clients' psychopathology or normalcy and their psychosexual behavior and drives. AU - Helson, Ravenna. With a new distancing from role identities, "moralism begins to be replaced by an awareness of inner conflict" and the new stage is "marked by a heightened sense of individuality and a concern for emotional dependence. Classic psychoanalytical theory. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. [7] Sullivan (1958) proposed four levels of "interpersonal maturity and interpersonal integration": impulsive, conformist, conscientious, and autonomous. The superego is the ethical component of the personality and provides the moral standards by which the ego operates. (1993) The theory of ego development and the measure. Y1 - 1994/5. Ego Psychological Peispective Ego psychology, an outgrowth of Freud's (1923/1961,1927/1961) struc-tural theory, emphasizes the development and fimctions of the ego as the adaptational core of the personality One line of ego psychology has em-phasized the issues of relative autonomy of the ego … Every stage provides a frame of reference to organize and define experience over an individual's life: "Since each new ego stage or frame of reference builds on the previous one and integrates it, no one can skip a stage ... One has not yet acquired the interpersonal logic."[9]. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Pauline Young-Eisendrath, "Ego Development: Inferring the Client's Frame of Reference". Hogan, , Johnson, J., & Briggs, S. Adherents of ego psychology focus on the ego's normal and pathological … The strength of Erikson's theory has been in its contribution to the understanding of the self's development over a series of psychosocial stages. There is a right way and a wrong way and it is the same for everyone ... or broad classes of people". Loevinger's stages of ego development are proposed by developmental psychologist Jane Loevinger (1918-2008) and conceptualize a theory based on Erik Erikson's psychosocial model and the works of Harry Stack Sullivan(1892-1949) in which "the ego was theorized to mature and evolve through stages across the lifespan as a result of a dynamic interaction between the inner self and the outer environment". "[43], However, the extent of her research adds weight to her findings. "[36], "Self-fulfillment becomes a frequent goal, partly supplanting achievement", and there may be a greater "capacity to acknowledge and to cope with inner conflicts"[34] (such as that between needs and duties). Jean Piaget, Theory of cognitive development; James W. Fowler, Stages of faith development; Lawrence Kohlberg, Kohlberg's stages of moral development. Ego is actually a theoretical construct described in phrases of its function that is to insure the survival of the person by integrating, organizing and adapting (adaptability) external/internal perceptions and needs to the environment. Create free account to access unlimited books, fast download and ads free! Psychology Definition of EGO DEVELOPMENT: 1. In ego psychology, ego formation starts from the very early childhood. [5] Loevinger then developed the Washington University Sentence Completion Test, the primary method of determining ego development on her scale. "[25] She believed that the level produces a "deepened interest in interpersonal relations. Ego development is found to be an important predictor for the externalizing factor and 2 subscales after the background variables of age, sex, and SES are partialed out. Egocentrism; Ego identity; Egotism; Id, ego, and super-ego; Psychological egoism [19] Loevinger describes this stage as having "the greatest cognitive simplicity. It is on the foundation of Sigmund Freud’s structural ego that Anna Freud’s Ego Psychology, Melaine Klein’s object relations, Erikson’s notion of identity development, and Heinz Kohut’s self-psychology were built. (1976) Ego Development. [38] "Reconciling inner conflicts  ... [and the] cherishing of individuality"[39] are key elements of self-actualization, along with a formed identity which includes "reconciliation to one's destiny. [4] Loevinger noticed that the women who were at the extreme ends of the authoritarian scale also tended to be the most immature. The child "asserts his growing sense of self", and views the world in egocentric terms;[7] "the child is preoccupied with bodily impulses, particularly (age-appropriate) sexual and aggressive ones. [24] "However, the closeness of the self to norms and expectations reveal[s] the transitional nature of these conceptions, midway between the group stereotypes of the Conformist and the appreciation for individual differences at higher levels. Loevinger theorized that this was because the Authoritarian Family Ideology scale measured just authoritarianism, but a broader concept which affected the other constructs she measured. 2. From: International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001. Playful alternation between seriousness and triviality, intermingling of different states of consciousness, thinking in time cycles and historical dimensions, full acceptance of differences and people as they are. [31] According to Loevinger, "To proceed beyond the Conscientious Stage, a person must become more tolerant of himself and of others ... out of the recognition of individual differences and of complexities of circumstances". Process where part of the id is transformed into the In psychoanalytic theory this is achieved by part of Id maturing into consciousness through contact with world. The Self-Protective person has the notion of blame, but he externalizes it to other people or to circumstances. According to Loevinger (who worked as an assistant to Erik Erikson in graduate school), the ego (originally formulated by Sigmund Freud) was not a ”thing” but rather a ”process.” The roots of ego psychology go back to Freud's analytic theory. [6] This contains impulse control and character development with interpersonal relations and cognitive preoccupations, including self-concept. Rules and norms, however, are not yet distinguished. Westenberg, P. M., & Gjerde, P. F. (1999). Learn ego development psychology with free interactive flashcards. The stage has two characteristics; "An increase in self-awareness and the capacity to imagine multiple possibilities in situations ... [was] a stable position in mature life, one marked by the development of 'rudimentary self-awareness and self-criticism'". References [edit | edit source] Loevinger, J. [37], According to Loevinger, this stage is rarely attained. In those with mental disorders, for reasons already known in depth psychology, the development of the personality and its sense of self is incomplete, or happens with various distortions, malformations, or inadequacies. [13] Discipline is viewed by the child as restraint; rewards and punishments are seen as "nice to me" or "mean to me". : //owebster.edu/egodev.htm around school age... progress to the next stage,.... The evolution of a large body of work by various psychological theorists she created the concept ego! 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