44 D.H. Autor and D. Dorn, 2013, The growth of low-skill service jobs and the polarization of the US labor market, American Economic Review 103(5):1553-1597. 36 K. Ho, 2009, Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street, Duke University Press, Durham, N.C. 37 S.R. DBPedia is an ambitious project to catalogue and create a public, freely distributable database allowing anyone to analyze this data. Recent years have yielded significant advances in computing and communication technologies, with profound impacts on society. Not all information is reliable or true, nor will all information be suitable for your paper or project. Companies don’t necessarily have to build their own massive data repositories before starting with big data analytics. To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter. Academic researchers and private-sector organizations are already exploring these opportunities. 18 E. Groshen, Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Government and Big Data: What’s Our future?,” presentation at American Enterprise Institute for the Federal Statistical System in a Big Data world, March 12, 2015. However, there are notable challenges associated with web-based and private-sector data sets. As mentioned in the previous section, these methods may also fail to reveal causality. This can shift the demand for some types of human labor, eliminating some jobs and creating new ones. 4 K.G. Sign up for email notifications and we'll let you know about new publications in your areas of interest when they're released. Many foreign companies are also required to make periodic filings containing the same information if they're listed on U.S. exchanges. The. (For example, the BPP cannot easily account for services.) Barley and G. Kunda, 2004, Gurus, Hired Guns and Warm Bodies: Itinerant Experts in a Knowledge Economy, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. 41 V. Smith, 2001, Crossing the Great Divide: Worker Risk and Opportunity in the New Economy, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N.Y. important questions simultaneously from the bottom up and the top down, leading to more informed interpretations of data, deeper and more complete knowledge, and new, testable hypotheses. These data are actively used for occupational projections. Berger, ed. Additional information, such as retail or online purchasing trends (tracked via bar-code scanners in brick-and-mortar stores or product numbers in online purchases), search queries (inputs into online search engines), social media content, and related data, may contain useful evidence of technology diffusion, economic change, and employment or business trends. the LEHD data infrastructure.5 Integrating alternative types of workforce arrangements should be a high priority for the future. Shapiro, 2014, “Using social media to measure labor market flows,” NBER Working Paper No. The CPS and other household surveys also include additional, periodic supplements designed to capture changing workforce trends. 2 Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016, “Current Employment Statistics—CES (National),” http://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesfaq.htm, accessed April 2016. However, such data can be costly and time-consuming to collect, especially from offline surveys. A related study in progress, preliminarily reported on in 2014,49 sampled a decade’s worth of articles from AI Magazine and IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine, identifying specialized research of note in these fields and grouping the reported technical accomplishments into four categories (language, reason, vision, and moving). 45 S.W. To capture such activity, the Census Bureau has added a series of modules to the U.S. economic censuses since 2002 on the contraction of manufacturing services.6, Household surveys conducted by the Census Bureau have been collecting data on computers and Internet use periodically since the 1980s. Data collected by federal statistical agencies have been invaluable for understanding the status of the workforce and the economy at large, such as employment numbers and salaries, and for tracking technology-related values such as productivity. The Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2002 (44 U.S.C. Much as advances in analytical methods have enabled new products, services, and tools for research and business (with implications for the workforce), such methods also present new opportunities for identifying and understanding changes in the labor economy. The CES and CPS are invaluable sources for tracking core indicators of the labor market, but they should primarily be interpreted as providing information about the changing characteristics of workers and firms over time. Factors that must be taken into account during aggregation and interpretation of these data include the existence of multiple postings for the same position, delayed updates or removal of advertisements for filled positions, a lack of information about jobs not posted on publicly searchable sites, and other incomplete or inaccurate information. The DOT details a taxonomy of occupations and the associated competencies (cognitive and noncognitive) required for success in those occupations. Existing system: Studying the existing system is one of the best ways to find out what the existing system lacks and what the new features to be added are. Digital data are now being created at vastly greater quantities than ever before. Published on July 25, 2018 by Courtney Gahan. 1 Office of Management and Budget, Fiscal Year 2016: Analytical Perspectives of the U.S. Government, 2015, https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2016/assets/spec.pdf, Chapters 7 and 16. and sometimes it is by integrating data from other sources, including the private sector. Information Technology and the U.S. Van Maanen, 1988, Tales of the Field: On Writing Ethnography, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill.; M. Agar, 1980, The Professional Stranger, Academic Press, New York. Million Song Data Set http://aws.amazon.com/datasets/6468931156960467 Metadata on over a million songs and pieces of music. For these insights, the committee may turn to microdata and qualitative social science methods. 30 P.M. Blau, 1955, The Dynamics of Bureaucracy, Chicago University Press, Chicago, Ill. 31 R. Dubin, 1956, Industrial workers’ worlds: A study of the ‘central life interests’ of industrial workers, Social Problems 3(3):131-142. While large-scale quantitative data sets are critical for understanding current trends and correlations, they do not always reveal causality and. All of these categories of information present both advantages and challenges. Best sources of candidates in the North American staffing industry 2018 Most effective lead sources of U.S. staffing firms 2020 U.S. employers … used elements of the DOT data in their discussion of how IT relates to a decline in the demand for routine-intensive occupations.8. The CPS covers all forms of work, including workers engaged in wage and salary employment as well as those who are self-employed and those who are unemployed but actively seeking employment, in contrast to the CES, which only covers employees of industries that are covered by unemployment insurance. Results from the CPS are made publicly available online in the form of aggregated statistics and as “public-use microdata” (individual-level responses about which additional information, such as geographic location, has been suppressed for anonymization purposes). Workforce explores the interactions between technological, economic, and societal trends and identifies possible near-term developments for work. 7 D. Acemoglu, U. Akcigit, N. Bloom, and W. Kerr, 2013, “Innovation, Reallocation, and Growth,” Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Economics, April 12, http://economics.mit.edu/files/8790. Even if trends and correlations are accurately identified, analytics alone may not. Such data integration enables researchers to combine information on firm-level measures of changing technology with what happens to the workers caught up in such changes. MyNAP members SAVE 10% off online. This survey tracks research and development (R&D) activity and innovation activity at the firm-level. Wu and Brynjolfsson16 also used Google Trends to predict housing-price changes. You need information sources reliable to make a right decision for your small business. PrivCo provides private company financial information, researching 900,000 private companies worldwide. and enable new discoveries. The media has consistently been a popular source of information for managers/supervisors, employers and workers and in recent years training courses have become a more valued source. For example, if you were writing a paper about the First Amendment right to freedom of speech, the text of the First Amendment in the Bill of Rights would be a primary source. 33 R.L. The JOLTS survey is establishment-based and provides these statistics at the national, regional, and industry level along with statistics by employer characteristics, like employer size. Infor - mation in each industry entry includes, but is not limited to, sources for financial ratios on the industry, statistics sources, However, these approaches require rigorous privacy-protection measures, protection of confidential business information, and cognizance of the potential for intrinsic bias in mined data; such challenges extend broadly to all data-driven research. After you have exhausted the basic resources on industries, try the following: News sources; Sources on private companies Standard industries such as the beverage industry are included. Using Primary and Secondary Sources. Changes in technology and automation are both facilitating and generating new challenges for collecting and producing core economic indicators from the U.S. statistical system. 11 See also E. Brynjolfsson and A. McAfee, 2012, Big data: The management revolution, Harvard Business Review 90(10):60-68. The federal statistical agencies have a wide array of business surveys that provide information on the changing nature of technology and workplace organization at U.S. firms. 12 META Group, 2001, “3D Data Management: Controlling Data Volume, Velocity, and Variety,” February 6, https://blogs.gartner.com/doug-laney/files/2012/01/ad949-3D-DataManagement-Controlling-Data-Volume-Velocity-and-Variety.pdf. Survey enrollment is conducted over the phone, with data subsequently collected each month via computer-assisted telephone interviewing or self-reporting via touch-tone phone entry, fax, Web collection, or electronic data interchange.2 The CES provides a monthly picture of wage and salary earnings and employment dynamics for the U.S. private, nonfarm sector, to supplement the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), a comprehensive data set (or “universe file”) generated from administrative data on all private, nonfarm establishments in the United States. 28 C.R. See the below table to determine which sources are best for finding the type of information you need for your research project. Government statistics are invaluable sources of longitudinal, large-scale, and standardized data. US Census Bureau http://www.census.gov/data.html A wealth of information on the lives of US citizens covering population data, geographic data and education. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission requires most U.S. listed companies to report financial data, insider transactions and other material information in so-called SEC filings. SOURCE: Council of Economic Advisors (CEA), 2016, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Some information is provided not as a tangible commodity but as a service. In particular, analysis of Twitter fields, conducted jointly by experts in computer science and economics, has been used to track and predict unemployment trends.22. Frey and M.A. The world’s largest archive of weather data. Overall, the median number of internal data sources used to support decision-making is five, so most companies are dealing with multiple sources. data complement the household-based surveys by providing data on wages by detailed occupation and location as reported by employers. As discussed further in the following subsection, the longitudinal business data and longitudinal employer-employee matched data have great promise for tracking the impact of changing technology on workers. However, it is difficult to predict the exact nature of these advances, much less their myriad effects on the U.S. workforce. View our suggested citation for this chapter. Bernard and T.C. This differs between subjects but in general: 1. National Climatic Data Center http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/quick-links#loc-clim Huge collection of environmental, meteorological and climate data sets from the US National Climatic Data Center. Guest, 1952, The Man on the Assembly Line, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. The future of economic statistics is likely to involve partnerships between the public and private sector. These data are also available for restricted-use analysis in the Federal Statistical Research Data Centers. 51 McKinsey Global Institute, 2015, Four Fundamentals of Work-place Automation. This site is the first stage and acts as a portal to all sorts of amazing information on everything from climate to crime. Alternatively, the changing nature of the workplace at some firms may lead to new opportunities that can be tracked. Although private sector data sets are clearly of significant value to the companies that collect them, there may well be motivations on both sides to share and aggregate data and to make aggregate statistics available to researchers and the public.23, Second, large-scale collection and analysis of nonpublic information, such as credit-card transactions, or even some publicly available data, such as social media information, and much of the administrative data described above could have significant privacy or ethical implications, which will not be explored here. In general, these data could be uniquely useful to researchers and policy makers since they can be collected and searched in real time, at high granularity, and reveal unanticipated trends. 48 Frey and Osborne, 2013, “The Future of Employment.”. 49 Elliott, 2014, Anticipating a Luddite revival. provide insight into the underlying causes of or meaning behind such trends—even if they also yield accurate predictions.24 More qualitative or in-depth examination of workforce and technology trends, along with hypothesis-driven research grounded in established scientific theory, will be needed to unravel the bigger picture. Moreover, data from field studies and related methods are likely to raise questions that will fruitfully guide more macro-level research. This report emphasizes the need to understand and track these trends and develop strategies to inform, prepare for, and respond to changes in the labor market. Industry Information Resources. European Union Open Data Portal http://open-data.europa.eu/en/data/ As the above, but based on data from European Union institutions. Information sources are often classified as physical (print, analog) versus online (electronic, digital,) text versus audio-video and book versus journal. Evaluating information sources is a important part of the research process. It provides invaluable information about the sectors where R&D and innovative activity are concentrated, which is disproportionately in manufacturing. The Occupational Employment Statistics survey, administered cooperatively by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and state workforce agencies, collects information about employees at nonfarm establishments. Most censuses take place at 10 year intervals, so data from this and other published sources may be out-of-date at the time the researcher wants to make use of the statistics. Until recently, it was generally accepted that routine tasks (whether manual or cognitive) were the most susceptible to automation (as opposed to nonroutine tasks).42,43,44 It is becoming clear that advances in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and robotics are increasingly making the automation of some nonroutine tasks, such as writing news articles, answering questions, driving, and even navigating uneven terrain, practically feasible, as discussed in Chapter 3. However, collection and curation of such statistics is resource-intensive, and data sets must be updated periodically, while limited update frequencies can be a challenge for researchers. It enables processing and integration of large-scale administrative data have been integrated in the may 2017 CPS.3 potential! Nor will all information be suitable for your paper or project and evaluating trends... 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